ПОКЛИКАННЯ ТА ЕТИЧНА ВІДПОВІДАЛЬНІСТЬ ЛЮДИНИ: ЗВЕРТАЮЧИСЬ ДО ТЕМИ ІНШОГО У ФІЛОСОФІЇ ЛЕВІНАСА

Abstract

The task of the research is to determine the possibilities of interpretation of the theme of calling on the basis of the ideas of the ethics of E. Levinas and his criticism of Heideggerian fundamental ontology. Following the main positions of Levinasian philosophy the author of the article proves the relevance of the understanding of calling as a common to mankind direction and requirement of holiness and awakening from interestedness in oneself to concern for the other people’s welfare and good. On the basis of Levinasian ideas of infinity and transcendence the purpose of calling reveals itself in devotion of person’s aims and values to over-personal aims and values. The phenomenon of call reveals itself not as the claim of authenticity of self-being and towards the truth of being as a whole, but as a need to answer to the Other. Not a Heideggerian fear and resoluteness of finiteness found the values in human life, but the infinity of living for the other people. The study follows the thought of Levinas that infinity reveals itself in the person and makes the person able to overcome anxiety of own death and overcome the limits of living towards it. The study examines the criticism by Levinas of phenomenological attitude to rely upon the self-certainty of subjectivity and his positioning of the certainty of ethical obligation based on the intersubjective experience and the requirement of responsibility towards the other people. The research determines the necessity of the search of the ways for harmonization in the concept of calling of the positions of ontology and ethics. Therefore the author foresees the possibility for solution of practical problems concerning ethical motivation of personality, of general understanding of the conditions for forming of personal virtues, of answering the various calls of living in the world, and of solving the collisions revealed in the realization of personal understanding of calling.