Abstract
Automatically power-operated watertight doors harm people every year. A review of some recent accidents shows weaknesses in design, marking, maintenance, operation and training for operation of this hazardous machinery (doors). The paper focus on the man-machine safety issues, and presents recommendations for long term measures to control the personal risk involved with operation of such doors. Introduction There have been several accidents and incidents related to power-operated watertight sliding doors. The danger is related to the fact that the door operating power is close to 2 tons, which will cause severe injuries in case a person is squeezed in the sliding door. The industry has mainly been concerned with the watertight integrity related to operation of such doors, and not to the same degree the man-machine safety issues. After a fatal accident on a semi-submersible installation in Norway in January 2005, the owner established a task force in order to identify long term measures to avoid similar accidents in the future [1]. This paper presents the main results from this work, and contains background information to the problem with watertight doors, a short review of some recent accidents and their causes, and a discussion around the recommended measures that would reduce the risk of accidents with these types of doors. With the increased number of floating installations world wide, improvements are needed in order to ensure that serious incidents are prevented in the future! Background on watertight doors Watertight doors are used on floating installations/vessels in order to make access possible and easy between watertight compartments. The watertight doors required shall normally be power-operated sliding doors [2]. The doors represent a vital safety component in relation to maintaining the watertight integrity and stability of the floating installation in case of water ingress (caused by f.ex. collision, or failures in equipment/structure). The need for such doors, the number of doors, and the user frequency varies, but with an increased number of floating installations, there is also an increase in number of doors in use. This means that more people are exposed to the squeeze hazard (personal risk) that these doors represent. There are clear regulations and maritime standards for the functionality of watertight doors [2,3,4]. Most requirements are related to the watertight integrity issue, while some are concerned with the personal risk. For example, the opening time of the doors shall be set between 20 and 40 seconds, in order to reduce the personal risk since it is less likely to be struck by a slow moving door than a fast moving door. It is also stated how these types of doors shall be operated. There shall be two modes of operation: The "remote closing?? mode is the most dangerous mode since the doors will automatically close when left often. A safety measure required when doors are set in "remote closing?? is that an audible alarm and intermittent visual signal (flashing light) shall be triggered at each door [2], in order to warn people that the doors will close automatically. Despite these overall safety measures and requirements to safe operation of the doors, there have been several serious accidents in recent years.