Recent advances of vertical-flow constructed wetlands for heavy metal pollution treatment

Abstract

Constructed wetland (CW) has shown great application prospects for treating heavy metal pollutants of wastewater. In the present review, we make a comprehensive and critical analysis of recent progress for treating heavy metal pollutants with vertical flow constructed wetlands (VFCWs). We focused on the effects of variety factors on the efficiency of VFCWs for treating heavy metal pollutants. In addition, we also give new insight into the future development trend and challenges of VFCWs for the treatment of heavy metal pollutants at the end of the paper.