Prevalence of Kidney impairment and its associated factors among HIV-infected antiretroviral treatment-naïve adult patients in Bayelsa State, Nigeria

Abstract

Objective: The study aimed to determine the prevalence of kidney impairment (KI) and associated factors among HIV antiretroviral treatment (ART) - naïve patients in Bayelsa State in the Niger Delta area of Nigeria. Methodology: A retrospective study was carried out in the Niger Delta University Teaching Hospital (NDUTH) using case notes of patients who presented from 2011 – 2020. Socio-demographic, clinical, and laboratory data were retrieved. The Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) Epidemiology (EPI) Collaboration formula and Cockcroft Gault equation were used in estimating the glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and creatinine clearance (CrCl) respectively. KI was defined as eGFR < 60 mls/min. Results: The prevalence of KI was 13.8%. Up to 59.5 % had CrCl below 90mls/min. KI showed significant association with age >45 years, married status, presence of co-morbidity, and high HIV RNA load. However, only age was independently associated with KI {AOR 3.4{CI 1.2- 9.6 p = 0.018)}. Conclusion: The prevalence of KI was 13.8% while up to 50.5% had reduced CrCl. Age < 45 years was the only determinant of KI though ‘being married’, having co-morbidities and high viral load also showed significant association. There is a need for regular assessment of renal function in HIV- infected patients.