血管内皮生长因子(vascular endothelial growth factor, VEGF)是一种具有高特异性重要促血管生成活性的生长因子，具有促进血管内皮细胞增殖分化，促进血管发生、血管生成、促进细胞迁移、抑制肿瘤细胞凋亡等作用，在调节正常和病理性血管生成过程中发挥积极作用，本文总结了神经系统多种疾病如癫痫、惊厥、脑梗死、脑肿瘤、脊髓炎及注意力缺陷多动障碍等与VEGF表达的相关性进展，目前，利用抗VEGF和抗VEGFRs治疗来阻断肿瘤或其他病理过程中的血管生成被认为是极其重要的。 Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a kind of growth factor with high specific and important angiogenic activity. It can promote the proliferation and differentiation of vascular endothelial cells, promote angiogenesis, promote cell migration, inhibit tumor cell apoptosis, and play an active role in the regulation of normal and pathological angiogenesis. This paper summarized the progress of the correlation between the expression of VEGF and various diseases of nervous system, such as epilepsy, convulsion, cerebral infarction, brain tumor, myelitis and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. At present, the use of anti VEGF and anti VEGFRs therapy to block angiogenesis in tumor or other pathological processes is considered to be extremely important.