Metasurface-integrated vertical cavity surface-emitting lasers for programmable directional lasing emissions
- 13 January 2020
- journal article
- research article
- Published by Springer Science and Business Media LLC in Nature Nanotechnology
- Vol. 15 (2), 125-130
- https://doi.org/10.1038/s41565-019-0611-y
Abstract
Vertical cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) have made indispensable contributions to the development of modern optoelectronic technologies. However, arbitrary beam shaping of VCSELs within a compact system has remained inaccessible until now. The emerging ultra-thin flat optical structures, namely metasurfaces, offer a powerful technique to manipulate electromagnetic fields with subwavelength spatial resolution. Here, we show that the monolithic integration of dielectric metasurfaces with VCSELs enables remarkable arbitrary control of the laser beam profiles, including self-collimation, Bessel and Vortex lasers, with high efficiency. Such wafer-level integration of metasurface through VCSEL-compatible technology simplifies the assembling process and preserves the high performance of the VCSELs. We envision that our approach can be implemented in various wide-field applications, such as optical fibre communications, laser printing, smartphones, optical sensing, face recognition, directional displays and ultra-compact light detection and ranging (LiDAR).Keywords
This publication has 34 references indexed in Scilit:
- Collective Micro-Optics Technologies for VCSEL Photonic IntegrationAdvances in Optical Technologies, 2011
- Light Propagation with Phase Discontinuities: Generalized Laws of Reflection and RefractionScience, 2011
- A single-layer wide-angle negative-index metamaterial at visible frequenciesNature Materials, 2010
- A surface-emitting laser incorporating a high-index-contrast subwavelength gratingNature Photonics, 2007
- Single mode photonic crystal vertical cavity lasersApplied Physics Letters, 2006
- Plasmon-enhancement of optical near-field of metal nanoaperture surface-emitting laserApplied Physics Letters, 2004
- High-power single-mode antiresonant reflecting optical waveguide-type vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasersIEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics, 2002
- Design and fabrication of blazed binary diffractive elements with sampling periods smaller than the structural cutoffJournal of the Optical Society of America A, 1999
- 4.8 mW singlemode oxide confined top-surface emitting vertical-cavity laser diodesElectronics Letters, 1997
- Integration of planar Fresnel microlenses with vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser arraysOptics Letters, 1991