Surface characterization of paper products via a stylus-type contact method

Abstract

Surface properties include both surface roughness and friction. With a stylus-type contact method, it is necessary to obtain either a surface roughness profile or a friction profile that is affected by stylus shape and size, its contact force on the sample, the scan speed, and the data acquisition rate. As a new surface parameter, the mean absolute deviation (MAD) from an average property has been introduced. It represents the deviation from either the roughness average (R-a) and the average coefficient of friction (COF), respectively. While R-a or average COF depends on the instrument and its operating conditions, the MAD should not depend on them because it represents the variations within the sample.