Aplikasi Kitosan Emerita sp. Sebagai Bahan Pengawet Alternatif pada Ikan Belanak (Mugil cephalus) [Chitosan Emerita sp. as a Preservative Alternative in Mugil cephalus]

Abstract

Abstrak Emerita sp. dapat diolah kitosan sebagai alternatif bahan pengawet ikan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui aktivitas kitosan Emerita sp. dalam menghambat pertumbuhan mikroorganisme pembusuk pada ikan sehingga dapat digunakan sebagai bahan pengawet alternatif. Sampel Emerita sp. diperoleh dari pesisir pantai Widarapayung,Cilacap. Karakteristik kitosan Emerita sp. dianalisa melalui uji FTIR dan uji proksimat. Aktivitas kitosan Emerita sp. sebagai pengawet ikan, dianalisa melalui uji organoleptik dan uji Total Plate Count (TPC). Ikan belanak direndam dalam larutan kitosan Emerita sp. pada konsentrasi 0,5%, 1,5%, dan 2%. Lama waktu perendaman yaitu 15 menit, 30 menit dan 60 menit. Pengamatan kemunduran mutu dilakukan pada jam ke 0, 10, 15 dan ke 24. Kontrol menggunakan asam asetat 1% dengan perendaman selama 15 menit. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan Nilai Derajat Deasetilisasi (DD) kitosan Emerita sp. adalah 92,5%. Hasil terbaik uji organoleptik ditunjukan pada kosentrasi kitosan 0,5 % dengan lama perendaman selama 60 menit dibandingkan kontrol. Uji (TPC) menunjukkan ikan dengan perendaman kitosan Emerita sp. 2% selama 60 menit, memiliki jumlah bakteri lebih rendah (2,7x106) daripada kontrol (3,2 x106). Bedasarkan hasil uji TPC dan Organoleptik, kitosan Emerita sp. memiliki aktivitas penghambat pertumbuhan mikroorganisme sehingga dapat digunakan sebagai alternatif bahan pengawet. Abstract Emerita sp. can be processed into chitosan as an alternative to fish preservatives. The purpose of this study was to determine chitosan from Emerita sp. in inhibiting the growth of decomposing microorganisms in fish so it can be used as alternative preservatives. Emerita sp. was obtained from the coast of Widarapayung, Cilacap. Characteristics of chitosan from Emerita sp. was analyzed through FTIR profileand proximate content. The activity of chitosan from Emerita sp. as a fish preservative, analyzed through organoleptic and total plate count (TPC) test. Bluespot mullet fish was soaked in chitosan from Emerita sp. at concentrations of 0.5%, 1.5%, and 2%. Soaking process took was 15, 30 and 60 minutes. Observations on fish decay was conducted at the hour of 0, 10, 15 and 24. Control used 1% of acetic acid with soaking process for 15 minutes. The results of the study showed that the degrees of deacetylization (DD) chitosan from Emerita sp. is 92.5%. The best results of organoleptic were shown on 0.5% chitosan concentration with 60 minutes soaked time compared to controls. TPC shows fish with the soaking process in chitosan Emerita sp. 2% for 60 minutes, having a lower number of bacteria (2,7x106) than the control (3,2 x106). Based on the results of the TPC and organoleptic test, chitosan Emerita sp. has activity inhibiting the growth of microorganisms so that it can be used as an alternative preservative.