Reconstruction of Ultra‐thin Alveolar‐capillary Basement Membrane Mimics

Abstract

Alveolar‐capillary basement membrane (BM) is ultra‐thin (<2 µm) extracellular matrix that maintains integral epithelial‐endothelial cell layers. In vitro reconstructions of alveolar‐capillary barrier supported on synthetic scaffolds closely resembling the fibrous and ultra‐thin natural BM are essential in mimicking the lung pathophysiology. Although BM topology and dimensions are well known to significantly influence cellular behavior, conventionally used BM mimics fail to recreate this natural niche. To overcome this, electrospun ultra‐thin 2 µm poly(caprolactone) (PCL) nanofibrous mesh is used to establish an alveolar‐capillary barrier model of lung endothelial/epithelial cells. Transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) and permeability studies reveal integral tight junctions and improved mass transport through the highly porous PCL meshes compared to conventional dense membranes with etched pores. The chemotaxis of neutrophils is shown across the barrier in presence of inflammatory response that is naturally impeded in confined regions. Conventional requirement of 3 µm or larger pore size can lead to barrier disruption due to epithelial/endothelial cell invasion. Despite high porosity, the interconnected BM mimic prevents barrier disruption and allows neutrophil transmigration, thereby demonstrating the physiological relevance of the thin nanofibrous meshes. It is envisioned that these bipolar cultured barriers would contribute to an organ‐level in vitro model for pathological disease, environmental pollutants, and nanotoxicology.