Pelvic Organ Prolapse: Overview, Diagnosis and Management

Abstract

Pelvic organ prolapse (POP) is a common pelvic floor disorder (PFD) that affects quality of life (QoL) in millions of women in the United States and around the world. The normal position of pelvic organs relies on both the pelvic floor muscles/levator ani muscle and the connective tissue support for the uterus and vagina. Known risk factors for POP include age, parity, family history, genetic predisposition, and chronic straining. The diagnosis of POP depends mainly on history and clinical examination. After diagnosis, progression is slow, and regression is more common than expected. Treatment starts with patient education about the disorder and available treatments. It is important to note that “doing nothing” is always an option. If patient has troublesome symptoms, there are nonsurgical and surgical options. Nonsurgical options include pelvic floor muscle training and pessary therapy. Surgery is an option for patients with POP who decline nonsurgical options or for whom those options fail. Management of women with POP and other PFDs requires a multidisciplinary team to evaluate and formulate individualized plans to address the specific health and QoL issues facing each patient. (J GYNECOL SURG 20XX:000)