Semi-transparent, high-performance lead-free Cs3Bi2I9 single crystal self-driven photodetector

Abstract

All-inorganic Bi-based perovskites have attracted much attention due to their excellent stability, environmentally friendly, and low-cost solution processability. However, due to the large exciton binding energy and small light absorption coefficient, the performance of the Bi-based perovskite photodetector (PD) is far behind of the traditional Pb-based perovskite PDs. In this work, the lead-free all-inorganic Cs₃Bi₂I₉ (CBI) perovskite single crystal was synthesized by a space-confined antisolvent-assisted crystallization method for high-performance, semi-transparent, and self-driven PDs with an ITO/SnO₂/CBI/PTAA/Au/ITO structure. Electrical and optical properties of Au/ITO transparent electrode were studied considering its figure of merit and device quantum efficiency through optimizing the Au thickness. Finally, our optimized semi-transparent device showed excellent self-driven performance with a large on/off ratio of ∼5700, a high responsivity of 52.06 mA/W, a high detectivity of >10¹² Jones, and a large linear dynamic range of up to 140.7 dB. In addition, our device demonstrated excellent characteristics to the weak light detection and the long-term stability. The Au/ITO electrode was adopted and tailored to balance the device performance and transparency, which provides a good route for developing high-performance and transparent devices in the future.