Detection of 17 β-Estradiol in Environmental Samples and for Health Care Using a Single-Use, Cost-Effective Biosensor Based on Differential Pulse Voltammetry (DPV)
Open Access
- 29 March 2017
- journal article
- research article
- Published by MDPI AG in Biosensors
- Vol. 7 (2), 15
- https://doi.org/10.3390/bios7020015
Abstract
Environmental estrogen pollution and estrogen effects on the female reproductive system are well recognized scientifically. Among the estrogens, 17 β-estradiol is a priority in environmental estrogen pollution, and it is also a major contributor to estrogen which regulates the female reproductive system. 17 β-estradiol is carcinogenic and has a tumor promotion effect relating to breast cancer, lung cancer and others. It also affects psychological well-being such as depression, fatigue and others. Thus, a simple method of detecting 17 β-estradiol will be important for both environmental estrogen pollution and health care. This study demonstrates a single-use, cost-effective 17 β-estradiol biosensor system which can be used for both environmental and health care applications. The bio-recognition mechanism is based on the influence of the redox couple, K3Fe(CN)6/K4Fe(CN)6 by the interaction between 17 β-estradiol antigen and its α-receptor (ER-α; α-estrogen antibody). The transduction mechanism is an electrochemical analytical technique, differential pulse voltammetry (DPV). The levels of 17 β-estradiol antigen studied were between 2.25 pg/mL and 2250 pg/mL; Phosphate buffered saline (PBS), tap water from the Cleveland regional water district, and simulated urine were used as the test media covering the potential application areas for 17 β-estradiol detection. An interference study by testosterone, which has a similar chemical structure and molecular weight as those of 17 β-estradiol, was carried out, and this 17 β-estradiol biosensor showed excellent specificity without any interference by similar chemicals.Keywords
This publication has 43 references indexed in Scilit:
- Relationship of serum estrogens and estrogen metabolites to postmenopausal breast cancer risk: a nested case-control studyBreast Cancer Research, 2013
- Postmenopausal plasma sex hormone levels and breast cancer risk over 20 years of follow-upBreast Cancer Research and Treatment, 2013
- Estrogen Metabolism and Risk of Breast Cancer in Postmenopausal WomenJNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute, 2012
- Association of serum sex steroid receptor bioactivity and sex steroid hormones with breast cancer risk in postmenopausal womenEndocrine-Related Cancer, 2011
- Electrochemical Aptasensor for Endocrine Disrupting 17β-Estradiol Based on a Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxylthiopene)-Gold Nanocomposite PlatformSensors, 2010
- Lung cancer in women: role of estrogensExpert Review of Respiratory Medicine, 2010
- Endogenous sex hormones and endometrial cancer risk in women in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC)Endocrine-Related Cancer, 2008
- Electrocatalytic detection of estradiol at a carbon nanotube|Ni(Cyclam) composite electrode fabricated based on a two-factorial designAnalytica Chimica Acta, 2007
- Electrogeneration of a Poly(pyrrole)-NTA Chelator Film for a Reversible Oriented Immobilization of Histidine-Tagged ProteinsJournal of the American Chemical Society, 2005
- Risks and Benefits of Estrogen Plus Progestin in Healthy Postmenopausal Women: Principal Results From the Women's Health Initiative Randomized Controlled TrialJAMA, 2002