Serum ANGPTL4 and FGF2, energy-related blood biochemicals, cytokine responses and oxidative stress in dairy cows with subclinical ketosis

Abstract

In this study, we aimed to investigate the serum levels of ANGPTL4, FGF21, IL-1β, IL-6, SOD, MDA, serum biochemicals and hematological parameters in cows with subclinical ketosis. Study group, the subclinical ketosis group, included 10 dairy cows aged 3-5 years at <21 days postpartum with a mean serum β-hydroxybutyric acid (BHB) level of 1.37 ± 0.04 mmol/L and whose urine samples tested negative for ketone bodies. The control group included 10 healthy dairy cows with a mean serum BHB level of 0.40 ± 0.08 mmol/L. An increases in serum AST (p < 0.001) and a decreases in serum albumin levels (p < 0.05) indicated altered liver functions. During negative energy balance, serum non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA) levels (p < 0.001) increased and serum HDL, triglyceride, and total cholesterol levels (p < 0.05) decreased as indicators of increased risk of metabolic pathology. Increases (p < 0.001) in serum ANGPTL4, FGF2, IL-1β, IL-6 and MDA (p < 0.001) and increase in SOD levels (p < 0.05) were evaluated as indicators of the development of effective metabolic, inflammatory and oxidative stress. It is concluded that significant increases in serum ANGPTL4 and FGF2 levels were associated with negative energy balance and effective cytokine responses and oxidative stress in dairy cows with subclinical ketosis.