On the Galvanic Modification of Seawater

Abstract

Chemical properties of seawater are studied at forced shifting of Fermi level εF in the band gap of liquid water due to deviation of its composition H2O1−z ( | z｜−13 ) from the stoichiometric one ( z = 0 ). It is shown that the hypo-stoichiometric state ( z > 0 ) of seawater emerges when Fermi level is shifted to the local electron level εH3O of hydroxonium H3O+ in galvanic cell with the strongly polarized anode and the quasi-equilibrium cathode. Then, each εH3O is occupied by electron and hydroxonium radicals [H3O] together with hydroxide anions [OH−] form in seawater hydrated electrons [(H2O)2−] . The opposite hyper-stoichiometric state ( z εOH for removing electron from each hydroxide ion OH− and forming hydroxyl radicals [OH] as strong oxidizers. It turned out that the ions of sodium and chlorine are connected into hydrates of sodium hypochlorite NaClO in this case.