Abstract: The true frog species, Odorrana hosii, found in West Sumatera Indonesia, has high morphological differentiation and also estimated has high genetic variation. A total of 35 O. hosii at a seven location have analyzed using DNA microsatellite markers. Genetic variation of five microsatellite loci provided the highest value of expected heterozygosity (He) for the population in Padang (He = 0.618), while the lowest was the population in Merapi (He = 0.427). There are genetic differences in moderate levels among populations of O. hosii in West Sumatra (FST = 0.108) with inbreeding intrapopulation value (FIS = -0.559), and high value of gene flow among the populations (Nm = 2.061). This study becomes the first molecular data for establishing effective population management conservation.