Exosomes in Gliomas: Biogenesis, Isolation, and Preliminary Applications in Nanomedicine
Open Access
- 19 October 2020
- journal article
- review article
- Published by MDPI AG in Pharmaceuticals
- Vol. 13 (10), 319
- https://doi.org/10.3390/ph13100319
Abstract
Exosomes are phospholipid-based particles endogenously produced by both normal and tumor cells. Initially identified as a pathway for shuttling cellular waste, for a long time they were thought to act as “garbage bags”, and only in the past few years have they emerged as a promising drug delivery system. In this review, we provide an overview of the knowledge about exosome architecture and biogenesis and the recent progress in isolation methods. Furthermore, we describe the mechanisms involved in both extra- and intracellular communication with a focus on glioma brain tumors. Glioma is considered a rare disease and is the most prominent aggressive brain malignancy. How exosomes target glial tumoral cells in vivo remains largely unknown. However, they are able to influence numerous physio-pathological aspects. Here, we discuss the role they play in this heterogeneous and complex microenvironment and their potential applications.This publication has 156 references indexed in Scilit:
- Graded inhibition of oncogenic Ras-signaling by multivalent Ras-binding domainsCell Communication and Signaling, 2014
- Exosome Uptake Depends on ERK1/2-Heat Shock Protein 27 Signaling and Lipid Raft-mediated Endocytosis Negatively Regulated by Caveolin-1Online Journal of Public Health Informatics, 2013
- Exosomes reflect the hypoxic status of glioma cells and mediate hypoxia-dependent activation of vascular cells during tumor developmentProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2013
- Protein typing of circulating microvesicles allows real-time monitoring of glioblastoma therapyNature Medicine, 2012
- Astrocytes Secrete Exosomes Enriched with Proapoptotic Ceramide and Prostate Apoptosis Response 4 (PAR-4): POTENTIAL MECHANISM OF APOPTOSIS INDUCTION IN ALZHEIMER DISEASE (AD)Online Journal of Public Health Informatics, 2012
- Assembly and disassembly of the ESCRT-III membrane scission complexFEBS Letters, 2011
- Microfluidic isolation and transcriptome analysis of serum microvesiclesLab on a Chip, 2009
- Glioblastoma microvesicles transport RNA and proteins that promote tumour growth and provide diagnostic biomarkersNature, 2008
- Evolution of the Multivesicular Body ESCRT Machinery; Retention Across the Eukaryotic LineageTraffic, 2008
- Ceramide Triggers Budding of Exosome Vesicles into Multivesicular EndosomesScience, 2008