Urinary volatilome analysis in a mouse model of anxiety and depression
Open Access
- 21 February 2020
- journal article
- research article
- Published by Public Library of Science (PLoS) in PLOS ONE
- Vol. 15 (2), e0229269
- https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0229269
Abstract
Psychiatric disorders including depression and anxiety comprise a broad range of conditions with different symptoms. We have developed a mouse model of depression/anxiety in mice deficient in the St3gal4 gene. In this study, we performed a comparative analysis of urinary volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in St3gal4-deficient (St3gal4-KO) and wild-type mice using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, and we screened 18 putative VOCs. Principal component analysis (PCA) based on these VOCs identified a major group of 11 VOCs, from which two groups were clarified by hierarchical clustering analysis. One group including six VOCs (pentanoic acid, 4-methyl-, ethyl ester; 3-heptanone, 6-methyl; benzaldehyde; 5,9-undecadien-2-ol, 6,10-dimethyl; and unknown compounds RI1291 and RI1237) was correlated with the startle response (r = 0.620), which is related to an unconscious defensive response. The other group including two VOCs (beta-farnesene and alpha-farnesene) comprised pheromones which increased in KO mice. Next, male mice underwent a social behavior test with female mice in the estrus stage, showing reduced access of KO male mice to female mice. Comparative analysis of urinary VOCs before and after encounters revealed that the six VOCs were not changed by these encounters. However, in WT mice, the two farnesenes increased after the encounters, reaching the level observed in KO mice, which was not altered following the encounter. Taken together, these results indicated that St3gal4 was involved in modulating urinary VOCs. Moreover, VOC clusters discovered by comparison of St3gal4-KO mice with WT mice were correlated with differential emotional behaviors.Funding Information
- PMAC Scholarship Fund for Young Researchers (GK1701)
- JSPS KAKENHI (JP15K07774)
- Mizutani Foundation for Glycoscience (No.208)
This publication has 67 references indexed in Scilit:
- Mouse Estrous Cycle Identification Tool and ImagesPLOS ONE, 2012
- ST3GAL3 Mutations Impair the Development of Higher Cognitive FunctionsAmerican Journal of Human Genetics, 2011
- Large-scale association analysis identifies 13 new susceptibility loci for coronary artery diseaseNature Genetics, 2011
- Scaling of Brain Metabolism with a Fixed Energy Budget per Neuron: Implications for Neuronal Activity, Plasticity and EvolutionPLOS ONE, 2011
- Biological, clinical and population relevance of 95 loci for blood lipidsNature, 2010
- Mouse Urinary Biomarkers Provide Signatures of Maturation, Diet, Stress Level, and Diurnal RhythmChemical Senses, 2010
- Genetically-Based Olfactory Signatures Persist Despite Dietary VariationPLOS ONE, 2008
- XCMS2: Processing Tandem Mass Spectrometry Data for Metabolite Identification and Structural CharacterizationAnalytical Chemistry, 2008
- XCMS: Processing Mass Spectrometry Data for Metabolite Profiling Using Nonlinear Peak Alignment, Matching, and IdentificationAnalytical Chemistry, 2006
- Directional flow of male scent released byPseudaletia separata walker (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) and its repellent effect on adults and larvae of four noctuid and one phycitine mothJournal of Chemical Ecology, 1982