Pathology of Immunotherapy-induced Responses in Cutaneous Melanoma: Current Evidences and Future Perspectives
- 5 October 2022
- journal article
- review article
- Published by Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health) in Advances in Anatomic Pathology
- Vol. 30 (3), 218-229
- https://doi.org/10.1097/pap.0000000000000375
Abstract
Over the last years, immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have demonstrated remarkable anti-tumor activity and beneficial effects in patients with early and advanced melanoma. However, ICIs provide clinical benefit only in a minority of patients due to primary and/or acquired resistance mechanisms. Immunotherapy resistance is a complex phenomenon relying on genetic and epigenetic factors, which ultimately influence the interplay between cancer cells and the tumor microenvironment. Information is accumulating on the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying the production of resistance and the resulting diminished therapeutic efficacy. In addition, current knowledge on predictors of response and toxicity to immunotherapy and on biomarkers that reliably identify resistant patients is in progress. In this review, we will focus on the tumor microenvironment changes induced by ICIs in melanoma, summarizing the available evidence of clinical trials in the neoadjuvant and metastatic setting. We will also overview the role of potential biomarkers in predicting disease response to ICIs, providing insight into current and future research in this field.Keywords
This publication has 62 references indexed in Scilit:
- Tumor immune profiling predicts response to anti–PD-1 therapy in human melanomaJCI Insight, 2016
- Analysis of Immune Signatures in Longitudinal Tumor Samples Yields Insight into Biomarkers of Response and Mechanisms of Resistance to Immune Checkpoint BlockadeCancer Discovery, 2016
- CD28 Costimulation: From Mechanism to TherapyImmunity, 2016
- Genomic and Transcriptomic Features of Response to Anti-PD-1 Therapy in Metastatic MelanomaCell, 2016
- PD-1 Blockade Expands Intratumoral Memory T CellsCancer Immunology Research, 2016
- Efficacy of anti-ICOS agonist monoclonal antibodies in preclinical tumor models provides a rationale for clinical development as cancer immunotherapeuticsJournal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer, 2015
- Oncolytic viruses: a new class of immunotherapy drugsNature Reviews Drug Discovery, 2015
- Standardization of pathologic evaluation and reporting of postneoadjuvant specimens in clinical trials of breast cancer: recommendations from an international working groupLaboratory Investigation, 2015
- Classifying Cancers Based on T-cell Infiltration and PD-L1Cancer Research, 2015
- 12-Chemokine Gene Signature Identifies Lymph Node-like Structures in Melanoma: Potential for Patient Selection for Immunotherapy?Scientific Reports, 2012