Нові дані до хронології стратифікованого поселення Сабатинівка І

Abstract

The chronology of the Paleometal Age of the Southern Buh region remains determined only in the most general features. Modern conceptions are based mainly on a few cases of direct stratigraphy and typological seriation. The lack of radiometric determinations for stratified sites is particularly noticeable. This paper presents four new radiocarbon datings based on dating animal bones. The datings were aimed at determining the absolute chronology of two layers of Sabatynivka settlement: the lower (Trypillia B1) and the upper (Late Bronze Age). For dating the upper layer, the samples were taken from a closed context, the Bronze Age pit destroyed by slope processes. Taking into account the lack of materials suitable for dating from authentic contexts of Trypillia B1 at Sabatynivka-1, the chronology of the lower layer was determined by dating bones of deepened objects at the site of the settlement located nearby, Berezivka HPP (hydroelectric power plant), a similar complex of material culture. The analysis was performed by accelerator mass spectrometry, which provided much more accurate determinations than those available so far. Obtained data indicate that the formation of the lower layer took place within the 44^th – 42^nd centuries BCE, and the upper layer within 16^th – 15^th centuries BCE. The new datings meet modern ideas about the relative chronological position of both layers. Thus, the settlement of Sabatynivka-1 belongs to the developed (second) stage of Sabatynivka culture and, according to gained results, dates, most likely, to the last quarter of the 16^th – the beginning of the 15^th century BCE. Therefore, we can assume a certain time of existence of Sabatynivka culture in its first period, preceding the mentioned time period, and this moves the dating of this community appearing back to the end of the 17^th – beginning of the 16^th century BCE. On imports of painted pottery, the sites of Sabatynivka group of Trypillia B1 are synchronized with the Cucuteni A3-A4 phases. The development of the latter in terms of similar radiometric series from other regions of Trypillia-Cucuteni cultural complex spreading is limited to the second half of 5^th millennium BCE. Thus, the chronological benchmarks for the development of microregional chronology of the Paleometal Age of the Southern Buh region are established.