The globalization of the world coal market – contradictions and trends
Open Access
- 22 October 2019
- journal article
- research article
- Published by EDP Sciences in E3S Web of Conferences
- Vol. 123, 01044
- https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201912301044
Abstract
The article describes the global coal market as the ratio of demand and supply depending on the development of energy technologies in the historical section. The continental specificity of coal mining is given. The basic world exporters and importers of coal and their role in the sale of energy fuels are analyzed. The key coal producing countries are China, India, the USA, and Australia. The largest consumers of coal products are China, India, Japan and Korea. There are unconditional leaders in the export coal market: Indonesia and Australia. In addition, a comparison of large coal companies and their share in the world market is presented. The features of coal supplies are analyzed in accordance with international rules (Incoterms), which regulate the rights and obligations of the buyer when conducting international trade, as well as determine the moment of transfer of risks from the seller to the buyer. The following supply bases were characterized: FOB (Free On Board), FAS (Free Alongside Ship), CIF (Cost Insurance and Freight), DAP (Delivered At Place), FCA (Free Carrier) etc. Trends in the logistics component of the global coal industry are revealed. Logistic of coal supply chains in comparison with other energy fuels and their features are disclosed. The problem of profitability of mines and their effectiveness is presented. Assessment of the environmental components of coal use in industry and energy is analyzed. It was noted that on the background of the trend to protect the environment and promote renewable energy, coal is becoming less popular in developed countries. This trend is further exacerbated by state subsidies for green energy.This publication has 10 references indexed in Scilit:
- Optimization of the capital-labor ratio on the basis of production functions in the economic model of productionNaukovyi Visnyk Natsionalnoho Hirnychoho Universytetu, 2019
- Economic efficiency of biogas generation from food product wasteE3S Web of Conferences, 2019
- On the supranational and national level of global value chain managementEntrepreneurship and Sustainability Issues, 2019
- Economic Principles of Mining Region Sustainable DevelopmentE3S Web of Conferences, 2018
- Coal mine fires and human health: What do we know?International Journal of Coal Geology, 2015
- Efficient land use in open-cut miningPublished by Taylor & Francis Ltd ,2015
- An overview and prospectives of practical application of the biomass gasification technology in UkrainePublished by Taylor & Francis Ltd ,2015
- Structural Analysis and Total Coal Demand Forecast in ChinaDiscrete Dynamics in Nature and Society, 2014
- A global coal production forecast with multi-Hubbert cycle analysisEnergy, 2010
- Trends in U.S. Recoverable Coal Supply Estimates and Future Production OutlooksNatural Resources Research, 2010