Keragaman Genetik antar Klon Kopi Robusta Lokal Pagar Alam berdasarkan Analisis Marka SSR

Abstract

Robusta coffee (Coffea canephora var. robusta) is the most extensive developed in Indonesia, including Pagar Alam, South Sumatra. In the last few decades, many farmers in Pagar Alam conducted clonal selection and rehabilitation of Robusta coffee trees that generated indigenous clonal populations. This pattern in the long period can damage important alleles and reduce the genetic diversity of indigenous Robusta coffee in farmland. The research aimed to know the genetic diversity among indigenous Robusta coffee clones developed in Pagar Alam based on SSR markers. The study was conducted at Molecular Biology Laboratory, Cereals Research Institute, Maros, from February to April 2017. Molecular characterization of 19 indigenous Robusta coffee clones was conducted using 33 polymorphic SSR markers. The resulting binary data was then analyzed using PowerMarker program to determine polymorphism value (PIC), number and diversity of alleles, and heterozygosity values. The results showed that 33 polymorphic SSR loci produced 134 alleles with an average of 4.06 alleles/locus, whereas PIC values ranged from 0.09–0.77 with an average of 0.48. Of the 33 SSR loci, 19 loci (57.58%) exhibited very informative PIC value (> 0.55). Dendrogram generated using NTSYS program divided 19 indigenous Robusta coffee clones into 4 clusters at 0.53 similarity coefficient. KPA41clone was separated in its own cluster, potentially crossed with other clones. Based on genetic distance values >0.55, could arrange 14 combinations of interclonal crosses that potentially increase the genetic variability of indigenous Robusta coffee from Pagar Alam.