Hygroscopicity of Waterlogged Archaeological Wood from Xiaobaijiao No.1 Shipwreck Related to Its Deterioration State
Open Access
- 6 April 2020
- Vol. 12 (4), 834
- https://doi.org/10.3390/polym12040834
Abstract
Waterlogged archaeological wood (WAW) artifacts, made of natural biodegradable polymers, are important parts of many precious cultural heritages. It is of great importance to understand the hygroscopic behavior of WAW in different deterioration states for the development of optimal drying processes and choices of safe storage in varying conditions. This was investigated in a case-study using two Hopea (Giam) and two Tectona (Teak) WAW samples collected from the Xiaobaijiao No.1 shipwreck. The deterioration state of WAW was evaluated by the maximum water content (MWC) method and by the cell morphological structure. Both Hopea and Tectona WAW could be classified into moderately and less decayed WAW. The hygroscopic behavior of moderately and less decayed WAW was then comparatively investigated using Dynamic Vapor Sorption (DVS) measurements alongside two sorption fitting models. Compositional analysis and hydroxyl accessibility measurements of WAW cell walls were shown to correlate with the hygroscopicity of WAW in different deterioration states. It was concluded that moderately decayed WAW possessed higher hygroscopicity and hysteresis than less decayed WAW because of the lower relative content of polysaccharides and the higher relative content of lignin, including the slow hydrolysis of O-acetyl groups of xylan and the partial breakage of β-O-4 interlinks, accompanied by an increased hydroxyl accessibility. This work helps in deciding on which consolidation measures are advised for shipwreck restauration, i.e., pretreatments with specific consolidates during wood drying, particularly for wooden artifacts displayed in museums.Funding Information
- Chinese National Natural Science Foundation (310600450)
- China Scholarship Council (CSC201803270037)
This publication has 60 references indexed in Scilit:
- Nanostructure of cellulose microfibrils in spruce woodProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2011
- Accessibility of Hydroxyl Groups of Brown-Rot Degraded Spruce Wood to Heavy WaterJournal of Near Infrared Spectroscopy, 2011
- A multi-analytical study of degradation of lignin in archaeological waterlogged woodTalanta, 2009
- Thermodynamic Analysis of Water Vapor Sorption Isotherms and Mechanical Properties of Selected Paper‐Based Food Packaging MaterialsJournal of Food Science, 2009
- Sorption and thermodynamic properties of juvenile Pinus sylvestris L. wood after 103 years of submersionHolzforschung, 2008
- Cell wall features with regard to mechanical performance. A review COST Action E35 2004–2008: Wood machining – micromechanics and fractureHolzforschung, 2008
- Cellulose: Fascinating Biopolymer and Sustainable Raw MaterialAngewandte Chemie, 2005
- Multilayer sorption parameters: BET or GAB values?Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects, 2003
- Preservation of Old, Waterlogged Wood by Treatment with Polyethylene GlycolScience, 1962
- On a Theory of the van der Waals Adsorption of GasesJournal of the American Chemical Society, 1940