Extracellular Vesicles and Host–Pathogen Interactions: A Review of Inter-Kingdom Signaling by Small Noncoding RNA
Open Access
- 30 June 2021
- Vol. 12 (7), 1010
- https://doi.org/10.3390/genes12071010
Abstract
The focus of this brief review is to describe the role of noncoding regulatory RNAs, including short RNAs (sRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA) fragments and microRNAs (miRNA) secreted in extracellular vesicles (EVs), in inter-kingdom communication between bacteria and mammalian (human) host cells. Bacteria secrete vesicles that contain noncoding regulatory RNAs, and recent studies have shown that the bacterial vesicles fuse with and deliver regulatory RNAs to host cells, and similar to eukaryotic miRNAs, regulatory RNAs modulate the host immune response to infection. Recent studies have also demonstrated that mammalian cells secrete EVs containing miRNAs that regulate the gut microbiome, biofilm formation and the bacterial response to antibiotics. Thus, as evidence accumulates it is becoming clear that the secretion of noncoding regulatory RNAs and miRNAs in extracellular vesicles is an important mechanism of bidirectional communication between bacteria and mammalian (human) host cells. However, additional research is necessary to elucidate how noncoding regulatory RNAs and miRNA secreted in extracellular vesicles mediate inter-kingdom communication.Funding Information
- National Institutes of Health (R01 HL151385 and P30 DK117469)
This publication has 80 references indexed in Scilit:
- Campylobacter jejuni Outer Membrane Vesicles Play an Important Role in Bacterial Interactions with Human Intestinal Epithelial CellsInfection and Immunity, 2012
- Membrane Vesicle Release in Bacteria, Eukaryotes, and Archaea: a Conserved yet Underappreciated Aspect of Microbial LifeInfection and Immunity, 2012
- A Bilayer-Couple Model of Bacterial Outer Membrane Vesicle BiogenesismBio, 2012
- Interspecies communication in the gut, from bacterial delivery to host‐cell responseJournal Of Physiology-London, 2012
- Vesiculation fromPseudomonas aeruginosaunder SOSThe Scientific World Journal, 2012
- Escherichia coli noncoding RNAs can affect gene expression and physiology of Caenorhabditis elegansNature Communications, 2012
- Elicitation of Epithelial Cell-Derived Immune Effectors by Outer Membrane Vesicles of Nontypeable Haemophilus influenzaeInfection and Immunity, 2011
- A Pseudomonas aeruginosa Toxin that Hijacks the Host Ubiquitin Proteolytic SystemPLoS Pathogens, 2011
- Long-Distance Delivery of Bacterial Virulence Factors by Pseudomonas aeruginosa Outer Membrane VesiclesPLoS Pathogens, 2009
- Angiogenin cleaves tRNA and promotes stress-induced translational repressionThe Journal of cell biology, 2009