The Assam economy represents a unique example of poverty amidst plenty. In spite of being richly endowed with natural resources, the State lags behind the rest of India in many aspects. The cultivation in Assam is inundated by several problems; some of them are natural and some others are manmade. In this context, some of the major issues directly relating to the agricultural sector are small and fragmented land-holdings, lack of quality seed and planting materials, limited use of fertilizers, natural disasters, limited irrigation facility, lack of mechanization, disease and pest problems etc. Further, a considerable quantity of products harvested in Assam perishes due to lack of adequate storage and processing facility as well as due to absence of sound marketing facilities. Social factors such as low literacy levels lack of awareness about the benefits of modern high-value agriculture, inadequate training programmes for farmer etc. also contributes to the challenges for agricultural development in Assam. In order to improve the contribution of the agricultural sector to the overall development of the state, there is an urgent need to develop some appropriate, regionally differentiated strategy. Crop intensification and diversification with multiple cropping such as intercropping, mixed cropping, multi-storied cropping system, agro-forestry etc. are the need of hours to meet the challenges of natural hazardous and climate change effect. However, sustainable development is the only way to promote rational utilization of resources and environmental protection without hampering economic growth. “Integrated Farming Systems” hold special position as in this system nothing is wasted, the byproduct of one system becomes the input for other, as it refers to agricultural systems that integrate livestock and crop production. Additionally, the system help poor small farmers, who have very small land holding for crop production and a few heads of livestock to diversify farm production, increase cash income, improve quality and quantity of food produced and exploitation of unutilized resources. The Government will have to play a much greater and active role in Assam for promoting the agricultural development process.