There is no compact work published until 1923 regarding the history, geography, and social life of Kahramanmaraş, which is an ancient Anatolian city. Besim Atalay, who was appointed as the director of education in Maraş between 1915-1916, researched the history, geography, social life, traditions and customs, the language of the city, the state, science, and art people he raised and blended his research with his observations were published at The History and Geography of Maraş named work in 1923. The work, which is the first work written compactly about Maraş, contains very valuable and enlightening information about the social, cultural, historical, political, and economic life of Maraş in the last years of the Ottoman Period, provides information. This study aims to identify and present the observations and evaluations that shed light on the history, social and cultural life of Maraş with the eyes of an educator Ottoman intellectual and occasionally a critical point of view, based on the work named The History and Geography of Maraş.