An arsenate with the α-CrPO4structure type, NaCa1–xNi3–2xAl2x(AsO4)3(x= 0.23): crystal structure, charge-distribution and bond-valence-sum analyses

Abstract

Since the discovery of electrochemically active LiFePO₄, materials with tunnel and layered structures built up of transition metals and polyanions have become the subject of much research. A new quaternary arsenate, sodium calcium trinickel aluminium triarsenate, NaCa_1–xNi_3–2xAl_2x(AsO₄)₃(x= 0.23), was synthesized using the flux method in air at 1023 K and its crystal structure was determined from single-crystal X-ray diffraction (XRD) data. This material was also characterized by qualitative energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) analysis and IR spectroscopy. The crystal structure belongs to the α-CrPO₄type with the space groupImma. The structure is described as a three-dimensional framework built up of corner-edge-sharing NiO₆, (Ni,Al)O₆and AsO₄polyhedra, with channels running along the [100] and [010] directions, in which the sodium and calcium cations are located. The proposed structural model has been validated by bond-valence-sum (BVS) and charge-distribution (CHARDI) tools. The sodium ionic conduction pathways in the anionic framework were investigated by means of the bond-valence site energy (BVSE) model, which predicted that the studied material will probably be a very poor Na⁺ion conductor (bond-valence activation energy ∼7 eV).