Studi Model Bisnis Eksisting dalam Implementasi Layanan Lumpur Tinja Terjadwal (LLTT) di Bawah Satuan Kerja (Studi kasus: Kota Bekasi dan Kota Makassar) dan BUMD (Studi kasus: Kota Medan dan Kota Surakarta)
Open Access
- 6 September 2021
- journal article
- Published by Institute of Research and Community Services Diponegoro University (LPPM UNDIP) in Jurnal Ilmu Lingkungan
- Vol. 19 (3), 599-611
- https://doi.org/10.14710/jil.19.3.599-611
Abstract
Pengelolaan lumpur tinja masih menjadi tantangan yang besar bagi kota-kota di Indonesia. Untuk mendukung optimasi pengelolaan lumpur tinja, Pemerintah Indonesia bekerjasama dengan lembaga nasional maupun internasional telah mengimplementasikan metode Layanan Lumpur Tinja Terjadwal (LLTT) untuk memastikan tercapainya target sanitasi aman. LLTT merupakan bagian dari Sistem Pengelolaan Air Limbah Domestik (SPALD) yang telah diterapkan di beberapa kota di Indonesia dengan perbagai bentuk model bisnis. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dan mengevaluasi model bisnis yang mengimplementasikan metode LLTT di bawah operator satuan kerja atau UPTD (Unit Pelaksana Teknis Daerah) dan di bawah operator BUMD (Badan Usaha Milik Daerah) dengan metode observasi, studi literatur, serta wawancara. Untuk bentuk UPTD, penelitian dilakukan di Kota Bekasi dan Makassar sedangkan BUMD dilakukan di Kota Medan dan Surakarta. Hasilnya terdapat perbedaan dalam aspek teknis maupun tata kelola dalam implentasi layanan secara terjadwal. Pelaksanaan LLTT di bawah BUMD air minum memiliki pola penentuan zona layan berdasarkan meter air dan radius pelayanan IPLT untuk aspek teknis sedangkan perbedaan dalam hal tata kelola yaitu BUMD memiliki keunggulan atas tarif yang terintegrasi dengan rekening air minum dan memiliki otoritas lebih dalam alokasi pendapatan yang diperoleh atas tarif tersebut. Operator UPTD menentukan zona layanan berdasarkan batas administrasi kota, selain itu untuk aspek tata kelola UPTD memiliki keterbatasan dalam pengelolaan keuangan karena operasionalnya yang dianggarkan satu tahun sekali dalam APBD dan keterbatasan dalam memperoleh pendapatan lain diluar retribusi yang telah ditetapkan dalam peraturan daerah. ABSTRACTFaecal sludge management (FSM) is still a big challenge for cities in Indonesia. The Government of Indonesia in collaboration with national and international institutions has implemented the scheduled desludging service, in Indonesia we called it Layanan Lumpur Tinja Terjadwal (LLTT), to support the optimization of sludge management due in ensuring the achievement of safely managed sanitation targets. LLTT is part of the domestic wastewater management system which has been implemented in several cities in Indonesia with various forms of business models. This study aims to identify and evaluate the business model that implements the LLTT method that operate under Local’s Work Units (UPTD) and under Regional/Locals’s Owned Enterprises (BUMD) with the method of observation, literature study, and interviews. The research was conducted in the cities of Bekasi and Makassar for UPTD, while the BUMD was conducted in the cities of Medan and Surakarta. The result shows the differences in technical and governance aspects in the implementation of scheduled services. The implementation of LLTT under drinking water BUMD determine the service zone based on water meters and fecal sludge treatment plant’s service radius for technical aspects, while the difference in governance aspect is that BUMD has advantages over tariffs that are integrated with drinking water bills and has more authority in the allocation of income earned on those revenue. UPTD operators determine service zones based on city administrative boundaries, in addition to aspects of governance, UPTD has limitations in financial management due to their operation expenditure which are budgeted once a year in the local revenue budget and limitations in obtaining other income outside the retribution that has been legalized in city/district regulations.Keywords
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