Bonding diversity in rock salt-type tellurides: examining the interdependence between chemical bonding and materials properties

Abstract

Future technologies are in need of solid-state materials showing the desired chemical and physical properties, and designing such materials requires a proper understanding of their electronic structures. In this context, recent research on chalcogenides, which were classified as ‘incipient metals’ and included phase-change data storage materials as well as thermoelectrics, revealed a remarkable electronic behavior and possible state (dubbed ‘metavalency’) proposed for the frontier between entire electron localization and delocalization. Because the members of the family of the polar intermetallics vary widely in their properties as well as electronic structures, one may wonder if the aforementioned electronic characteristics are also achieved for certain polar intermetallics. To answer this question, we have employed quantum-chemical tools to examine the electronic structures of the rock salt-type YTe and SnTe belonging to the families of the polar intermetallics and incipient metals, respectively. To justify these classifications and argue as to why an application of the Zintl–Klemm concept (frequently employed to relate the structural features of tellurides to their electronic structures) could be misleading for YTe and SnTe, the electronic structures of YTe and SnTe were first compared to that of the rock salt-type SrTe. In addition, we carried out a Gedankenexperiment by subsequently modifying the chemical composition from YTe to SnTe, and, by doing so, we shed new light on the interdependence between chemical bonding and materials properties. Gradual changes in the former do not necessarily translate into the latter which may undergo discontinuous modifications.