Applications of brain organoids in neurodevelopment and neurological diseases
Open Access
- 22 April 2021
- journal article
- review article
- Published by Springer Science and Business Media LLC in Journal of Biomedical Science
- Vol. 28 (1), 1-16
- https://doi.org/10.1186/s12929-021-00728-4
Abstract
A brain organoid is a self-organizing three-dimensional tissue derived from human embryonic stem cells or pluripotent stem cells and is able to simulate the architecture and functionality of the human brain. Brain organoid generation methods are abundant and continue to improve, and now, an in vivo vascularized brain organoid has been encouragingly reported. The combination of brain organoids with immune-staining and single-cell sequencing technology facilitates our understanding of brain organoids, including the structural organization and the diversity of cell types. Recent publications have reported that brain organoids can mimic the dynamic spatiotemporal process of early brain development, model various human brain disorders, and serve as an effective preclinical platform to test and guide personalized treatment. In this review, we introduce the current state of brain organoid differentiation strategies, summarize current progress and applications in the medical domain, and discuss the challenges and prospects of this promising technology.Keywords
This publication has 125 references indexed in Scilit:
- The extracellular matrix: A dynamic niche in cancer progressionThe Journal of cell biology, 2012
- Induction of Toll-Like Receptor 3-Mediated Immunity during Gestation Inhibits Cortical Neurogenesis and Causes Behavioral DisturbancesmBio, 2010
- Toll-like receptor 3 inhibits memory retention and constrains adult hippocampal neurogenesisProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2010
- Uniquely Hominid Features of Adult Human AstrocytesJournal of Neuroscience, 2009
- The Role of Extracellular Matrix in Glioma Invasion: A Cellular Potts Model ApproachBiophysical Journal, 2008
- Neuroepithelial Stem Cell Proliferation Requires LIS1 for Precise Spindle Orientation and Symmetric DivisionCell, 2008
- A centrosomal mechanism involving CDK5RAP2 and CENPJ controls brain sizeNature Genetics, 2005
- Radiotherapy plus Concomitant and Adjuvant Temozolomide for GlioblastomaThe New England Journal of Medicine, 2005
- Embryonic Stem Cell Lines Derived from Human BlastocystsScience, 1998
- Dopamine receptors and brain functionNeuropharmacology, 1996