An updated review of the treatment landscape for advanced gastrointestinal stromal tumors
Open Access
- 11 May 2021
- Vol. 127 (13), 2187-2195
- https://doi.org/10.1002/cncr.33630
Abstract
Before the introduction of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), the overall survival of patients with advanced or metastatic gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) was 10 to 20 months because of the lack of approved therapies. In the last 20 years, a treatment algorithm for patients with advanced GISTs, which includes imatinib, sunitinib, and regorafenib as first‐, second‐, and third‐line therapies, respectively, has been established. Recently, 2 new TKIs have been approved: ripretinib for fourth‐line therapy and avapritinib as first‐line therapy in patients harboring platelet‐derived growth factor receptor α (PDGFRA) exon 18 D842V mutations. Additionally, there are several experimental therapies under investigation that could advance individualized patient care. All of these therapies have varying efficacies and safety profiles that warrant an updated treatment landscape review. This review article summarizes the efficacy and safety data currently available for conventional TKIs along with recently approved and experimental therapies.Keywords
Funding Information
- Deciphera Pharmaceuticals
This publication has 72 references indexed in Scilit:
- Outcome of Patients with Platelet-Derived Growth Factor Receptor Alpha–Mutated Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors in the Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor EraClinical Cancer Research, 2012
- Exploiting antitumor immunity to overcome relapse and improve remission durationCancer Immunology, Immunotherapy, 2011
- Evaluation of nilotinib in advanced GIST previously treated with imatinib and sunitinibCancer Chemotherapy and Pharmacology, 2011
- Molecular Target Modulation, Imaging, and Clinical Evaluation of Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor Patients Treated with Sunitinib Malate after Imatinib FailureClinical Cancer Research, 2009
- KIT kinase mutants show unique mechanisms of drug resistance to imatinib and sunitinib in gastrointestinal stromal tumor patientsProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2009
- Long-Term Results From a Randomized Phase II Trial of Standard- Versus Higher-Dose Imatinib Mesylate for Patients With Unresectable or Metastatic Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors Expressing KITJournal of Clinical Oncology, 2008
- Gastrointestinal stromal tumourThe Lancet, 2007
- PDGFRA Mutations in Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors: Frequency, Spectrum and In Vitro Sensitivity to ImatinibJournal of Clinical Oncology, 2005
- Progression-free survival in gastrointestinal stromal tumours with high-dose imatinib: randomised trialThe Lancet, 2004
- Efficacy and Safety of Imatinib Mesylate in Advanced Gastrointestinal Stromal TumorsThe New England Journal of Medicine, 2002