Revealing the role of “hidden heavy ions” component in the terrestrial polar wind outflow

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Abstract
The roles of heavy ions have long been an important subject in the magnetospheric physics since the first discovery of O+ ions in the magnetosphere as it hinted to the connection between the ionosp...
Funding Information
  • Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AF FA 9550-18-1-0195)
  • National Aeronautics and Space Administration (3004631577)
  • National Science Foundation (ICER Award No.1664078)
  • National Science Foundation (XSEDE TG-EES200006)