Combined markers for predicting cognitive deficit in patients with Alzheimer’s disease
Open Access
- 1 July 2021
- journal article
- research article
- Published by Springer Science and Business Media LLC in Egyptian Journal of Medical Human Genetics
- Vol. 22 (1), 1-8
- https://doi.org/10.1186/s43042-021-00184-7
Abstract
Background Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most widely recognized type of dementia. It is associated with cell cycle abnormalities including genomic instability and increased micronuclei (MNi) which usually evolve many years before the appearance of the clinical manifestations. Digital electroencephalogram (EEG) has a role in perceiving brain changes in dementia and in early detection of cognitive decline. This study aimed to assess the competency of using neurophysiological markers including absolute power of alpha waves and a cytogenetic marker which comprises scoring of MNi as a step toward early and preclinical diagnosis of AD. The study was conducted on 27 subjects; they were 15 patients diagnosed as sporadic AD and a group of 12 age and sex-matched controls. All subjects were subjected to Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), conventional EEG, digital EEG, and cytokinesis-block micronucleus assay (CBMN) in peripheral blood lymphocytes. Results Conventional EEG showed a normal background activity with no abnormal epileptogenic discharges in both groups. Digital EEG showed significant reduction of the absolute power of alpha waves for AD patients as compared to the control group (P < 0.0001). Score of MNi showed statistical significant difference between the two groups (P < 0.0001). By linking scores of both cognitive state using MMSE and MNi among the group of patients, a significant negative correlation was detected (r = −0.6066). The correlations between cognitive state and the absolute power of alpha wave among the patients revealed a positive correlation (r = 0.2235). Conclusions The combination of both cytogenetic and neurophysiological markers can be beneficial for early detection of cognitive decline and may lead to preclinical identification of individuals at increased risk for AD, where at this stage treatment is constructive. The negative correlation between the scores of MNi and MMSE is suggestive for the impact of genomic instability on the cognitive state.Keywords
This publication has 31 references indexed in Scilit:
- DNA Damage in Alzheimer Disease Lymphocytes and Its Relation to Premature Centromere DivisionNeurodegenerative Diseases, 2013
- The projected effect of risk factor reduction on Alzheimer's disease prevalenceThe Lancet Neurology, 2011
- Molecular mechanisms of micronucleus, nucleoplasmic bridge and nuclear bud formation in mammalian and human cellsMutagenesis, 2010
- The effect of age, gender, diet and lifestyle on DNA damage measured using micronucleus frequency in human peripheral blood lymphocytesMutagenesis, 2010
- Association of micronucleus frequency with neurodegenerative diseasesMutagenesis, 2010
- The association of micronucleus frequency with obesity, diabetes and cardiovascular diseaseMutagenesis, 2010
- EEG abnormalities in early and late onset Alzheimer's disease: understanding heterogeneityJournal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry, 2010
- Biomarkers for Alzheimer’s disease and other forms of dementia: Clinical needs, limitations and future aspectsExperimental Gerontology, 2010
- Development and assessment of methods for detecting dementia using the human electroencephalogramIEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering, 2006
- Cytogenetic alterations in lymphocytes of Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease patientsNeurological Sciences, 2002