A Void Avoidance Scheme for Grid-Based Multipath Routing in Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks
Open Access
- 1 January 2018
- journal article
- research article
- Published by Scientific Research Publishing, Inc. in Wireless Sensor Network
- Vol. 10 (07), 131-156
- https://doi.org/10.4236/wsn.2018.107008
Abstract
This work proposes a geographic routing protocol for UWSNs based on the construction of a 3D virtual grid structure, called Void-Avoidance Grid-based Multipath Position-based Routing (VA-GMPR). It consists of two main components, the multipath routing scheme and the grid-based void avoidance (GVA) mechanism for handling routing holes. The multipath routing scheme adopts node-disjoint routes from the source to the sink in order to enhance network reliability and load balancing. While the GVA mechanism handles the problem of holes in 3D virtual grid structure based on three techniques: Hole bypass, path diversion, and path backtracking. The performance evaluation of the VA-GMPR protocol was compared to a recently proposed grid-based routing protocol for UWSNs, called Energy-efficient Multipath Geographic Grid-based Routing (EMGGR). The results showed that the VA-GMPR protocol outperformed the EMGGR protocol in terms of packet delivery ratio, and end-to end-delay. However, the results also showed that the VA-GMPR protocol exhibited higher energy consumption compared to EMGGR.Keywords
This publication has 21 references indexed in Scilit:
- An adaptive routing protocol in underwater sparse acoustic sensor networksAd Hoc Networks, 2015
- A grid-based MANET routing protocol with simple cell-head electionInternational Journal of Wireless and Mobile Computing, 2014
- An energy-aware grid-based routing scheme for wireless sensor networksTelecommunication Systems, 2013
- GMCAR: Grid-based multipath with congestion avoidance routing protocol in wireless sensor networksAd Hoc Networks, 2012
- A survey on routing techniques in underwater wireless sensor networksJournal of Network and Computer Applications, 2011
- A RELIABLE MULTIPATH ROUTING PROTOCOL FOR MOBILE AD-HOC NETWORKS: ADAPTING TECHNIQUES FROM INTERCONNECTION NETWORKSJournal of Interconnection Networks, 2011
- DFR: an efficient directional flooding‐based routing protocol in underwater sensor networksWireless Communications and Mobile Computing, 2011
- Void Avoidance in Three-Dimensional Mobile Underwater Sensor NetworksLecture Notes in Computer Science, 2009
- Underwater acoustic sensor networks: research challengesAd Hoc Networks, 2005
- Routing techniques in wireless sensor networks: a surveyIEEE Wireless Communications, 2004