Objective: To observe the curative effects of Yiqing granule and Zhibai Dihuang pill combined with Oralpolin gel on recurrent aphthous ulcer. Methods: 150 patients with mild recurrent aphthous ulcer were classified as excessive internal heat type and deficiency internal heat type by traditional Chinese medicine theory. Then, they were randomly divided into the positive control group (thalidomide group), the trial group (Yiqing granule group/Zhibai Dihuang pill group), and the negative control group (topical medication group). All the patients in every group used Oralpolin gel. Additionally, the patients in the positive control group took thalidomide tablets orally and those in the trial group orally took proprietary Chinese medicine (Yiqing granule/Zhibai Dihuang pill). The treatment lasted for 4 weeks. The curative effects were all evaluated according to the “RAU Efficacy Evaluation Trial Standard” which was formulated by the Professional Committee of Mucosal Diseases of Chinese Stomatological Association. Results: Of all the 150 patients involved in this medical experiment, 146 cases finished it, including 66 ones in the trial group, 36 ones in the positive control group, and 44 ones in the negative control group. The total drop-out rate was 2.7%. For the excessive internal heat type, the effective rates in the thalidomide group, the Yiqing granule group and the local medication group were 91.7%, 52.6% and 52.9% respectively in order. For the deficiency internal heat type, the effective rates in the thalidomide group, the Zhibai Dihuang pill group and the local medication group were 87.5%, 71.4% and 40% respectively in order. The clinical efficacy of the Zhibai Dihuang pill group was better than that of the local medication group and similar to that of the thalidomide group (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Zhibai Dihuang pill is significantly effective in the treatment for mild recurrent aphthous ulcer of deficiency internal heat type without severe adverse reactions.