Competing magnetic interactions and magnetocaloric effect in Ho5Sn3

Abstract

The rare-earth intermetallic compound Ho₅Sn₃ demonstrates fascinating magnetic properties, which include temperature-driven multiple magnetic transitions and field-driven metamagnetism. We address the magnetic character of this exciting compound through a combined experimental and theoretical studies. Ho₅Sn₃ orders antiferromagnetically below 28 K, and shows further spin reorientation transitions at 16 K and 12 K. We observe a sizable amount of low-temperature magnetocaloric effect (MEC) in Ho₅Sn₃ with a maximum value of entropy change ΔS = −9.5 J Kg⁻¹ K⁻¹ for an applied field of H = 50 kOe at around 30 K. The field hysteresis is almost zero above 15 K where the MEC is important. Interestingly, ΔS is found to change its sign from positive to negative as the temperature is increased above about 8 K, which can be linked to the multiple spin reorientation transitions. The signature of the metamagnetism is visible in the ΔS versus H plot. The magnetic ground state, obtained from the density functional theory based calculation, is susceptible to the effective Coulomb interaction (U _eff) between electrons. Depending upon the value of U _eff, the ground state can be ferromagnetic or antiferromagnetic. The compound shows large relaxation (14% change in magnetisation in 60 min) in the field cooled state with a logarithmic time variation, which may be connected to the competing magnetic correlations observed in our theoretical calculations. The competing magnetic ground states are equally evident from the small value of the paramagnetic Curie–Weiss temperature.