Sex Differences in Glutathione Peroxidase Activity and Central Obesity in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes at High Risk of Cardio-Renal Disease
Open Access
- 7 December 2019
- journal article
- research article
- Published by MDPI AG in Antioxidants
- Vol. 8 (12), 629
- https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox8120629
Abstract
Women with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) have an increased susceptibility of developing cardio-renal disease compared to men, the reasons and the mechanisms of this vulnerability are unclear. Since oxidative stress plays a key role in the development of cardio-renal disease, we investigated the relationship between sex, plasma antioxidants status (glutathione peroxidase (GPx-3 activity), vitamin E and selenium), and adiposity in patients with T2DM at high risk of cardio-renal disease. Women compared to men had higher GPx-3 activity (p = 0.02), bio-impedance (p ≤ 0.0001), and an increase in waist circumference in relation to recommended cut off-points (p = 0.0001). Waist circumference and BMI were negatively correlated with GPx-3 activity (p ≤ 0.05 and p ≤ 0.01, respectively) and selenium concentration (p ≤ 0.01 and p ≤ 0.02, respectively). In multiple regression analysis, waist circumference and sex were independent predictors of GPx-3 activity (p ≤ 0.05 and p ≤ 0.05, respectively). The data suggest that increased central fat deposits are associated with reduced plasma antioxidants which could contribute to the future risk of cardio-renal disease. The increased GPx-3 activity in women could represent a preserved response to the disproportionate increase in visceral fat. Future studies should be aimed at evaluating if the modulation of GPx-3 activity reduces cardio-renal risk in men and women with T2DM.This publication has 57 references indexed in Scilit:
- Glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase and catalase genotypes and activities and the progression of chronic kidney diseaseNephrology Dialysis Transplantation, 2011
- Glutathione peroxidase activity in obese and nonobese diabetic patients and role of hyperglycemia in oxidative stressJournal of Mid-life Health, 2011
- Estimating GFR Using the CKD Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD-EPI) Creatinine Equation: More Accurate GFR Estimates, Lower CKD Prevalence Estimates, and Better Risk PredictionsAmerican Journal of Kidney Diseases, 2010
- Antioxidant Enzyme Activity and Coronary Heart Disease: Meta-analyses of Observational StudiesAmerican Journal of Epidemiology, 2009
- Oxidative Stress as a Major Culprit in Kidney Disease in DiabetesDiabetes, 2008
- Gender-related differences in oxidative stress levels among elderly patients with coronary artery diseaseFertility and Sterility, 2008
- Vitamin E Supplementation Reduces Cardiovascular Events in a Subgroup of Middle-Aged Individuals With Both Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and the Haptoglobin 2-2 GenotypeArteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology, 2008
- Effects of estrogen on gene expression profiles in mouse hypothalamus and white adipose tissue: target genes include glutathione peroxidase 3 and cell death-inducing DNA fragmentation factor, α-subunit-like effector AJournal of Endocrinology, 2007
- Mitochondrial Theory of Aging: Importance to Explain Why Females Live Longer Than MalesAntioxidants and Redox Signaling, 2003
- Double‐blind, randomised study of the effect of combined treatment with vitamin C and E on albuminuria in Type 2 diabetic patientsDiabetic Medicine, 2001