It is the common concern of substation staff to minimize the impact of birds nesting on the substation. In this paper, the characteristics of bird damage in substation of Shenzhen power grid are analyzed based on the survey data in recent years, and the time rule of bird damage in substation, the regional characteristics of bird damage place and the structural characteristics of bird damage equipment are summarized. Secondly, the technical means of bird prevention in various fields are summarized and compared to provide reference for substation bird prevention. Finally, the research direction and suggestions of bird prevention work in substation in the future are put forward.