Characterizing Operating Condition-Based Formaldehyde Emissions of Light-Duty Diesel Trucks in China Using a PEMS-HCHO System
- 20 January 2023
- journal article
- research article
- Published by American Chemical Society (ACS) in Environmental Science & Technology
- Vol. 57 (4), 1592-1599
- https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.2c07744
Abstract
Formaldehyde (HCHO) plays a critical role in atmospheric photochemistry and public health. While existing studies have suggested that vehicular exhaust is an important source of HCHO, the operating condition-based diesel truck HCHO emission measurements remain severely limited due to the limited temporal resolution and accuracy of measurement techniques. In this study, we characterized the second-by-second HCHO emissions from 29 light-duty diesel trucks (LDDTs) in China over dynamometer and real-world driving tests using a portable online HCHO emission measurement system (PEMS-HCHO), considering various operating conditions. Our results suggested that the HCHO emissions from LDDTs might be underestimated by the widely used offline DNPH-HPLC method. The HCHO emissions at a 200 s cold start from China V LDDT can be up to 50 mg/start. Different driving conditions over dynamometer and real-world driving tests led to a 2-4 times difference in the HCHO emission factors (EFs). Under real-world hot -running conditions, the HCHO EFs of China III, IV, V, and VI LDDTs were 43.5 +/- 35.7, 10.6 +/- 14.2, 8.8 +/- 5.1, and 3.2 +/- 1.2 mg/ km, respectively, which significantly exceeded the latest California low emission vehicle III HCHO emission standard (2.5 mg/km). These findings highlighted the significant impact of vehicle operating conditions on HCHO emissions and the urgency of regulating HCHO emissions from LDDTs in China.Funding Information
- Central University Basic Research Fund of China (21622320)
- National Natural Science Foundation of China (41627809, 42205097)
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