The current military-political situation poses new challenges to the Ukrainian economy. The destruction and losses for the national economy are fully in line with the most intense military conflict of recent times. However, it would be a mistake to explain the current economic problems only by war. One of the most painful issues is the suboptimal structure of the national economy and the lack of successful attempts by the state to carry out structural reforms that could correct the negative inertial scenario of its development. With regard to the regulation of structural change, it is important to emphasize the importance of integrated use of the criteria set out in the article for effective analysis of the structure of the national economy. Applied comprehensively, they will provide a sufficient understanding of the processes taking place in the national economy, and will give a picture of the imbalances that need to be corrected through structural policies.