The adiponectin gene (ADIPOQ) is the main genetic determinant of plasma adiponectin amounts from (30 - 70%) of the inherited genetic components. Multiple nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) rs 2241766 for the ADIPOQ gene correlate with metabolic syndromes such as insulin resistance, abdominal obesity, impaired glucose tolerance, hyperlipidemia, hypertension, rapid glucose excess, and plasma adiponectin level. A polymorphism study was conducted based on PCR 2241766 in Al-Diwaniyah city in Iraq, and this study included (300) people aged (30-45) years who were distributed into two groups, the first group (G1) included (150) control, and the second group (G2) included (150) type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. The purpose of the current study was to reveal the ADIPOQ polymorphism and its role in the pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes mellitus. The overall genotype of the ADIPOQ rs2241766 gene was significantly different between the type 2 diabetes mellitus patients (G2) and control (G1) for the genotype GG (χ2 = 13.45, p-value = 0.002), G allele (χ2 = 10.324, p-value = 0.001), and TG & TT compared to the GG genotype (χ2 = 13.266, p-value = 0.0001). In conclusion, the results of the genotype and allele distribution of ADIPOQ rs2241766 gene in type 2 diabetes patients group showed that there is an association between ADIPOQ rs2241766 gene and type 2 diabetes mellitus.