The construction of urban ecological civilization is an important part of the construction of a beautiful China. There are some problems in the construction of urban ecological civilization in China, such as the weakness of ecological consciousness, the dislocation of the political achievements, and the imperfect institution. The article will discuss the approaches and strategies of urban ecological civilization construction from the perspective of consciousness, economy, environment, institution, and carry out systematic optimization, in order to speed up the pace of urban ecological civilization construction, promote the harmonious coexistence between man and nature, build a beautiful China, and realize the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.