Abstract
The disintegrative effects which the Paris Peace Treaties had on Europe should not be underestimated. In the centreof the continent in particular, they established a set of scattered states that resulted from the disintegration of severalimperial orders. The years 1917/18 to 1920 not only reflect lines of development in European, but also in manyareas of world history, as will be illustrated by the examples of the USA, Russia, Japan and China.