Predictors and outcomes of COVID-19 patients with hypoxemia in Lagos, Nigeria
Open Access
- 22 October 2021
- journal article
- Published by Scientific Scholar in Journal of the Pan African Thoracic Society
- Vol. 3, 42-50
- https://doi.org/10.25259/jpats_25_2021
Abstract
Objectives: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is the current public health concern. Hypoxemia has been identified as an independent risk factor for mortality in COVID-19 patients regardless of age or sex. This study therefore aimed to assess the profile of COVID-19 patients with hypoxemia in Lagos, Nigeria and identify their associated socio-demographic and clinical risk factors, predictors, and outcomes. Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study in which data were extracted from medical records of real-time polymerase chain reaction confirmed COVID-19 positive patients admitted between April and October 2020. Data extracted included age, sex, comorbidities, disease category/classification, symptoms, lowest oxygen saturation (SPO2), and outcomes. Bivariate analysis was done to test associations between hypoxemia and other variables. Multivariate analysis was done to determine significant predictors of hypoxemia. Results: A total of 266 patients were included in the study; mean (SD) 49.80 (± 16.68) years. Hypoxemia (lowest SPO2 ≤ 90 in adults and < 92% in children) was found in 102 (38.3 %) of the cases. SPO2 of hypoxemic patients ranged from 33% to 90%, Mean ±SD of 77±13%. About half of the hypoxemic cases, 53 (52%) were ≥ 60 years and mostly male 70 (68.6%). Difficulty breathing was present in 56 (55%), while the common comorbidities were hypertension 86 (32.3%) and diabetes mellitus 47 (17.7%). Age ≥ 60, difficulty breathing, and fever were independent predictors of hypoxemia. Hypoxemia was significantly associated with death (X2-42.13; P < 0.001); odds ratio 14.5 (95% CI: 5.4–38.8). Conclusion: Hypoxemia occurred in 1 out of every 3 COVID-19 patients with poor prognosis. SPO2 monitoring and early presentation in hospital for those 60 years and above or with dyspnea may be essential for early identification and treatment of hypoxemia to reduce mortality.Keywords
This publication has 24 references indexed in Scilit:
- Clinical characteristics of COVID-19-infected cancer patients: a retrospective case study in three hospitals within Wuhan, ChinaAnnals of Oncology, 2020
- Risk Factors Associated With Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome and Death in Patients With Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pneumonia in Wuhan, ChinaJAMA Internal Medicine, 2020
- A Framework for Rationing Ventilators and Critical Care Beds During the COVID-19 PandemicJAMA, 2020
- Characteristics and Outcomes of 21 Critically Ill Patients With COVID-19 in Washington StateJAMA, 2020
- Critical Care Utilization for the COVID-19 Outbreak in Lombardy, ItalyJAMA, 2020
- Characteristics of and Important Lessons From the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Outbreak in ChinaJAMA, 2020
- Clinical Characteristics of 138 Hospitalized Patients With 2019 Novel Coronavirus–Infected Pneumonia in Wuhan, ChinaJAMA, 2020
- Cancer patients in SARS-CoV-2 infection: a nationwide analysis in ChinaThe Lancet Oncology, 2020
- Hypoxaemia as a Mortality Risk Factor in Acute Lower Respiratory Infections in Children in Low and Middle-Income Countries: Systematic Review and Meta-AnalysisPLOS ONE, 2015
- Effect of Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibition and Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers on Cardiac Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 2005