Reappraisal of metabolic dysfunction in neurodegeneration: Focus on mitochondrial function and calcium signaling
Open Access
- 7 July 2021
- journal article
- review article
- Published by Springer Science and Business Media LLC in Acta Neuropathologica Communications
- Vol. 9 (1), 1-31
- https://doi.org/10.1186/s40478-021-01224-4
Abstract
The cellular and molecular mechanisms that drive neurodegeneration remain poorly defined. Recent clinical trial failures, difficult diagnosis, uncertain etiology, and lack of curative therapies prompted us to re-examine other hypotheses of neurodegenerative pathogenesis. Recent reports establish that mitochondrial and calcium dysregulation occur early in many neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs), including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson’s disease, Huntington's disease, and others. However, causal molecular evidence of mitochondrial and metabolic contributions to pathogenesis remains insufficient. Here we summarize the data supporting the hypothesis that mitochondrial and metabolic dysfunction result from diverse etiologies of neuropathology. We provide a current and comprehensive review of the literature and interpret that defective mitochondrial metabolism is upstream and primary to protein aggregation and other dogmatic hypotheses of NDDs. Finally, we identify gaps in knowledge and propose therapeutic modulation of mCa2+ exchange and mitochondrial function to alleviate metabolic impairments and treat NDDs.Keywords
Funding Information
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (R01HL136954, R01HL142271, P01HL147841, P01HL134608, F32HL151146)
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (R01NS121379)
- National Institute on Aging (K99AG065445)
- American Heart Association (20EIA35320226)
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